1. David O, Sinha R, Robinson K, Cardone D
(2013) The prevalence of anaemia,
hypochromia and microcytosis in
preoperative cardiac surgical patients.
Anaesth Intensive Care 41: 316-321.
2. Kulier A, Levin J, Moser R, RumpoldSeitlinger G, Tudor IC, et al Impactof
preoperative anemia on outcome in patients
undergoing coronary artery bypass graft
surgery. Circulation2007; 116: 471-479
3. Zindrou D, Taylor KM, Bagger JP.
Preoperative haemoglobinconcentration and
mortality rate after coronary artery bypass
surgery. Lancet 2002;359: 1747-1748.
4. Van Straten AH, SolimanHamad MA, van
Zundert AA, Martens EJ, terWoorstJF, et al.
Effect of duration of red blood cell storage
on early and late mortality after CABG. J
ThoracCardiovascSurg2011; 141: 238-243
5. Westenbrink BD, Kleijn L, de Boer RA,
Tijssen JG, Warnica WJ, et al. Sustained
postoperative anaemia is associated with an
impaired outcome aftercoronary artery
bypass graft surgery: insights from the
IMAGINE trial. Heart 2011; 97: 1590-1596.
6. Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Yau TM,
Beattie WS, Abdelnaem E, et al. The
independent association of massive blood
loss with mortality in cardiac surgery.
Transfusion2004;44: 1453-1462.
7. Chelemer SB, Prato BS, Cox PM Jr,
O’Connor GT, Morton JR Association of
bacterial infection and red blood cell
transfusion after coronary artery bypass
surgery. Ann ThoracSurg 2002; 73: 138-
142.
8. Dixon B, Santamaria JD, Reid D, Collins M,
Rechnitzer T, et al. Theassociation of blood
transfusion with mortality after cardiac
surgery: cause or confounding? (CME).
Transfusion 2013; 53: 19-27.
9. Camila de Christo DORNELES1,Luiz
Carlos BODANESE2, João Carlos Vieira da
Costa GUARAGNA3, FabrícioEdler
MACAGNAN4, JulianoCé COELHO5,
AnibalPires BORGES6, Marco Antonio
GOLDANI7, João Batista PETRACCO8The
impact of blood transfusion on morbidity
andmortality after cardiac surgery Rev Bras
Cir Cardiovasc 2011;26(2):222-9
10. Souza HJB Moitinho RF.
Estratégiasparareduçãodousodehemoderivad
osemcirurgia cardiovascular. Rev Bras
CirCardiovasc. 2008;23(1):53-9
11. Filomena RBG Galas1, Juliano P
Almeida1*, Julia T Fukushima1, Eduardo A
Osawa1, Rosana E Nakamura1,Carolina
MPDC Silva1, Elisângela Pinto Marinho de
Almeida1, Jose Otavio Costa Auler Jr1,
Jean-Louis Vincent andLudhmila A
Hajjar,Blood transfusion in cardiac surgery
is a riskfactor for increased hospital length
of stay in adult patient ,Galas et al. Journal
of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2013, 8:54
12. Bennett-Guerrero E, Zhao Y, O'Brien SM,
Ferguson TB Jr, Peterson ED,Gammie JS,
Song HK: Variation in use of blood
transfusion in coronaryartery bypass graft
surgery. JAMA 2010, 304:1568–1575.
13. Möhnle P, Snyder-Ramos SA, Miao Y,
Kulier A, Böttiger BW, Levin J,Mangano
DT: Multicenter Study of Perioperative
Ischemia (McSPI)Research Group.
Postoperative red blood cell transfusion and
morbidoutcome in uncomplicated cardiac
surgery patients.Intensive Care Med2011,
37:97–109.
14. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Blood
Conservation Guideline Task Force,Ferraris
VA, Brown JR, Despotis GJ, Hammon JW,
Reece TB, Saha SP, SongHK, Clough ER,
Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
Special TaskForce on Blood Transfusion,
Shore-Lesserson LJ, Goodnough LT,
MazerCD,Shander A, Stafford-Smith M,
Waters J, International Consortium
forEvidence Based Perfusion, Baker RA,
Dickinson TA, FitzGerald DJ,
LikoskyDS,Shann KG: 2011 update to the
Society of Thoracic Surgeons and theSociety
of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists blood
conservation clinical practice guidelines.
Ann ThoracSurg2011, 91:944–982.
15. Hajjar LA, Vincent JL, Galas FR, Nakamura
RE, Silva CM, Santos MH,Fukushima J,
KalilFilho R, Sierra DB, Lopes NH, Mauad
T, Roquim AC, SundinMR, Leão WC,
Almeida JP, Pomerantzeff PM, Dallan LO,
Jatene FB, StolfNA,Auler JO Jr: Transfusion requirements after cardiac surgery: the
TRACSrandomized controlled trial. JAMA,
2010; 304:1559–1567.
16. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA,
Marshall J, Martin C,
PagliarelloG,Tweeddale M, Schweitzer I,
Yetisir E: A multicenter, randomized,
controlledclinical trial of transfusion
requirements in critical care.
TransfusionRequirements in Critical Care
Investigators, Canadian Critical Care
TrialsGroup.NEngl J Med 1999, 340:409–
417.
17. Vamvakas EC: Perioperative blood
transfusion and cancer recurrence:metaanalysis for explanation. Transfusion 1995,
35:760–768.
18. Koch CG, Li L, Duncan AI, Mihaljevic T,
Cosgrove DM, Loop FD, Starr
NJ,Blackstone EH: Morbidity and mortality
risk associated with red blood celland bloodcomponent transfusion in isolated coronary
artery bypassgrafting. Crit Care Med 2006,
34:1608–1616.
19. Murphy GJ, Reeves BC, Rogers CA, Rizvi
SI, Culliford L, AngeliniGD:Increased
mortality, postoperative morbidity, and cost
after red bloodcell transfusion in patients
having cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007,
116:2544–2552.
20. De Cocker J, Messaoudi N, Stockman BA,
Bossaert LL, RodrigusIE:Preoperative
prediction of intensive care unit stay
following cardiacsurgery. Eur J
CardiothoracSurg2011, 39(1):60–67.
21. Gauvin F, Champagne MA, Robillard P, et
al: Long-term survival rate ofpediatric
patients after blood transfusion. Transfusion
2008, 48:801–808.
22. De Santo LS, Romano G, Galdieri N,
Buonocore M, BanconeC, De Simone V,
Della Corte A, Nappi G: RIFLE criteria
foracute kidney injury in valvular surgery. J
Heart Valve Dis2010; 19:139 – 47;
discussion 148
23. Surgenor SD, Kramer RS, Olmstead EM,
Ross CS, Sellke FW, LikoskyDS, Marrin
CA, Helm RE Jr, Leavitt BJ, Morton JR,
CharlesworthDC, Clough RA, Hernandez F,
Frumiento C, Benak A, DioData C,
O’Connor GT, Northern New England
Cardiovascular DiseaseStudy Group: The
association of perioperative red blood cell
transfusionsand decreased long-term
survival after cardiac surgery.AnesthAnalg
2009; 108:1741–6
24. Jacobs K, Shoemaker C, Rudersdorf R, Neill
SD, Kaufman RJ,Mufson A, Seehra J, Jones
SS, Hewick R, Fritsch EF: Isolationand
characterization of genomic and cDNA
clones of humanerythropoietin. Nature 1985;
313:806 –10
25. Rizzo JD, Somerfield MR, Hagerty KL,
Seidenfeld J, BohliusJ,Bennett CL, Cella
DF, Djulbegovic B, Goode MJ,
JakubowskiAA, Rarick MU, Regan DH,
Lichtin AE: Use of epoetinanddarbepoetin in
patients with cancer: 2007 American
Societyof Hematology/American Society of
Clinical Oncology clinicalpractice guideline
update. Blood 2008; 111:25– 41
26. Kiyama H, Ohshima N, Imazeki T, Yamada
T: Autologousblood donation with
recombinant human erythropoietin inanemic
patients. Ann ThoracSurg 1999; 68:1652– 6
27. Gombotz H: Subcutaneous epoetinalfa as an
adjunct to autologousblood donation before
elective coronary artery bypass graftsurgery.
SeminHematol 1996; 33:69–70; discussion
71–2
28. Alghamdi AA, Albanna MJ, Guru V, Brister
SJ: Does the use oferythropoietin reduce the
risk of exposure to allogeneicblood
transfusion in cardiac surgery? A systematic
reviewand meta-analysis. J Card Surg 2006;
21:320 – 6
29. Weltert L, D’Alessandro S, Nardella S,
Girola F, BellisarioA,Maselli D, De Paulis
R: Preoperative very short-term,
highdoseerythropoietin administration
diminishes blood transfusionrate in offpump coronary artery bypass: A
randomizedblind controlled study. J
ThoracCardiovascSurg 2010; 139:621– 6;
discussion 626 –7
30. Yaziciolu L, Eryilmaz S, Sirlak M, Inan
MB, Aral AR, ErenNT,Kaya B, Akalin H:
Recombinant human erythropoietin
administrationin cardiac surgery. J
ThoracCardiovascSurg 2001; 122:741–5
31. Lippi G, Franchini M, Favaloro EJ:
Thrombotic complicationsof erythropoiesisstimulating agents.
SeminThrombHemost2010; 36:537– 49
32. Sowade O, Warnke H, Scigalla P, Sowade
B, FrankeW,Messinger D, Gross J:
Avoidance of allogeneic blood
transfusionsby treatment with epoetin beta
(recombinant humanerythropoietin) in
patients undergoing open-heart
surgery.Blood 1997; 89:411– 8
33. Young-ChulYoo, M.D.,* Jae-Kwang Shim,
M.D., Ph.D.,† Jong-Chan Kim, M.D.,‡
Youn-Yi Jo, M.D.,* Jong-Hoon Lee, M.D.,§
Young-LanKwak, M.D., Ph.D._Effect of
Single Recombinant Human Erythropoietin
Injection on Transfusion Requirements in
PreoperativelyAnemic Patients Undergoing
Valvular Heart Surgery, 2011, the American
Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.
LippincottWilliams& Wilkins.
Anesthesiology 2011; 115:929–37
34. Ziyaeifard. M, Alizadehasl A, Aghdaii N,
Sadeghi A, Zarfarin r, Masoumi G, et al.
Heparinized and saline solutions in the
maintenance of arterial and centeral venous
catheters after cardiac surgery.
Anesthesiology and pain midicin 2015-
5(4):e23963, 5p.
35. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, Fink
MP, Levy MM, ShapiroMJ, Corwin MJ,
Colton T, EPO Critical Care TrialsGroup:
Efficacy of recombinant human
erythropoietin incritically ill patients: A
randomized controlled trial. JAMA2002;
288:2827–35