Adverse Impact of Ambient Particulate Matter on Cardiac Electrophysiology and the Lipid Profile in Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Abadan Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.

2 Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.

3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.

4 Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.

Abstract

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is an organic and inorganic mixture of particles of different sizes and chemical compositions. Positive correlations exist between the concentrations of air PM and respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, causing premature mortality and morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of PM on cardiac electrophysiology and the lipid profile in rats.
 
Methods: A total of 72 male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were divided into 6 groups: control (intratracheal instillation of 0.1-mL normal saline), PMA (intratracheal instillation of 0.5-mg/kg particles less than 10 μm [PM10]), PMB (intratracheal instillation of 2.5-mg/kg PM10), PMC (intratracheal instillation of 5-mg/kg PM10) twice at 48-hour intervals, calcium chloride (CaCl2) (140 mg/kg, intravenous), and isoproterenol (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous). After 48 hours, lead II electrocardiography was recorded and the inotropic and chronotropic properties of the heart and the incidence of arrhythmias were evaluated. Cardiac lipid parameters, including plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, and cardiac markers of myocardial infarction, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured.
 
Results: After the administration of PM10, there was a significant decrease in the voltage of the QRS complex and the R-R interval in comparison with the control group. There was a significant increase in the number of arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation) after PM10 administration. The administration of PM10 led to an increase in LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDH, and CK-MB and a decrease in HDL in all the concentration groups.
 
Conclusions: PM10 can be introduced as an arrhythmogenic agent with the potential to affect the cardiac lipid profile by inducing cardiac damage and infarction. (Iranian Heart Journal 2021; 22(1): 33-41)

Keywords

References

 
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2.       Lelieveld J, Klingmüller K, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Cardiovascular disease burden from ambient air pollution in Europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions. European heart journal. 40, 1590-6. (2019).
 
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14.    Dianat M, Radan M, Badavi M, Sarkaki A. The evaluation of inotropic properties and antidysrhythmic effect of vanillic acid and exercise on Cacl2-induced arrhythmia in young and aged rats. RJPBCS.5, 1545-52 (2014).
 
15.    Panda S, Kar A, Biswas S. Preventive effect of agnucastoside C against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. Scientific reports.7, 16146-56 (2017).
 
16.    Radmanesh E, Dianat M, Badavi M, Goudarzi G, Mard SA. The cardioprotective effect of vanillic acid on hemodynamicparameters, malondialdehyde, and infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion isolated rat heart exposed to PM10. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences.20, 760-69 (2017).
 
17.    Han Q, Yeung SC, Ip MS, Mak JC. Dysregulation of cardiac lipid parameters in high-fathigh-cholesterol diet-induced rat model.Lipids in health and disease.17, 255-59 (2018).
 
18.    Chi Y, Ma Q, Ding XQ, Qin X, Wang C, Zhang J. Research on protective mechanism of ibuprofen in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.23, 4465-73 (2019).
 
19.    Satsangi DP, Agarwal AK. Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Human Health in Urban Settings.InMethanol and the Alternate Fuel Economy.213-231 (2019).
 
20.    Du, Yixing et al. “Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(3), 8-19.
 
21.    Dianat M, Radmanesh E, Badavi M, Goudarzi G, Mard SA. The effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram parameters, blood pressure and oxidative stress in healthy rats: the protective effects of vanillic acid (2016). Environ SciPollutRes. DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-7168-1
 
22.    Radmanesh E, Dianat M, Badavi M, Goudarzi G,MardSA.The Effect of PM10 on Ischemia- Reperfusion InducedArrhythmias in Rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. 59, 312-320 (2016).
 
23.    Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Goudarzi G. Gallic acid protects particulate matter (PM 10) triggers cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation causing heart adverse events in rats. Environ SciPollut R. 30, 1-8 (2019).
 
24.    Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE. Contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress to hypertension. CurrOpinNephrolHypertens. 25, 73–80 (2016).
 
1.       Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate matter air pollution: effects on the cardiovascular system. Frontiers in endocrinology. 9 (2018).
2.       Lelieveld J, Klingmüller K, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Cardiovascular disease burden from ambient air pollution in Europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions. European heart journal. 40, 1590-6. (2019).
3.       Dastoorpoor M, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Aghababaeian H, Idani E. Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory mortality in Ahvaz, Iran. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 32, 30-36 (2018).
4.       Jun K. Case Study of Air Pollution Episodes in Meuse Valley of Belgium, Donora of Pennsylvania, and London, UK. Environmental Toxicology and Human Health-Volume I. 2009 Mar 24:78.
5.       Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope III CA, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 121, 2331-78 (2010).
6.       Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. Journal of thoracic disease. 8, 8-19 (2016).
7.       Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. Journal of Medical Toxicology.8, 166-75 (2012).
8.       Abdolahnejad A, Jafari N, Mohammadi A, Miri M, Hajizadeh Y, Nikoonahad A. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2.5 exposures in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of education and health promotion.6, 109- 115 (2017).
9.       Ny MT, Lee BK. Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated metallic elements in an urban area of an industrial city in Korea. Aerosol and Air Quality Resarch.11, 643-53 (2011).
10.    Nelin TD, Joseph AM, Gorr MW, Wold LE. Direct and indirect effects of particulate matter on the cardiovascular system.Toxicology letters.208, 293-9 (2012).
11.    Kim JB, Kim C, Choi E, Park S, Park H, Pak HN, Lee MH, Shin DC, Hwang KC, Joung B. Particulate air pollution induces arrhythmia via oxidative stress and calcium calmodulin kinase II activation. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 259, 66-73 (2012).
12.    MalinowMR, BatlleFF, Malamud B. Nervous mechanisms in ventricular arrhythmias induced by calcium chloride in rats. Circulation research. 1,554-9 (1953).
13.    Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Goudarzi G. In vivo and in vitro evidence for the involvement of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by particulate matter (PM10): the effective role of gallic acid. Free radical research. 53, 210-25 (2019).
14.    Dianat M, Radan M, Badavi M, Sarkaki A. The evaluation of inotropic properties and antidysrhythmic effect of vanillic acid and exercise on Cacl2-induced arrhythmia in young and aged rats. RJPBCS.5, 1545-52 (2014).
15.    Panda S, Kar A, Biswas S. Preventive effect of agnucastoside C against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. Scientific reports.7, 16146-56 (2017).
16.    Radmanesh E, Dianat M, Badavi M, Goudarzi G, Mard SA. The cardioprotective effect of vanillic acid on hemodynamicparameters, malondialdehyde, and infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion isolated rat heart exposed to PM10. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences.20, 760-69 (2017).
17.    Han Q, Yeung SC, Ip MS, Mak JC. Dysregulation of cardiac lipid parameters in high-fathigh-cholesterol diet-induced rat model.Lipids in health and disease.17, 255-59 (2018).
18.    Chi Y, Ma Q, Ding XQ, Qin X, Wang C, Zhang J. Research on protective mechanism of ibuprofen in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.23, 4465-73 (2019).
19.    Satsangi DP, Agarwal AK. Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Human Health in Urban Settings.InMethanol and the Alternate Fuel Economy.213-231 (2019).
20.    Du, Yixing et al. “Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(3), 8-19.
21.    Dianat M, Radmanesh E, Badavi M, Goudarzi G, Mard SA. The effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram parameters, blood pressure and oxidative stress in healthy rats: the protective effects of vanillic acid (2016). Environ SciPollutRes. DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-7168-1
22.    Radmanesh E, Dianat M, Badavi M, Goudarzi G,MardSA.The Effect of PM10 on Ischemia- Reperfusion InducedArrhythmias in Rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. 59, 312-320 (2016).
23.    Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Goudarzi G. Gallic acid protects particulate matter (PM 10) triggers cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation causing heart adverse events in rats. Environ SciPollut R. 30, 1-8 (2019).
Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE. Contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress to hypertension. CurrOpinNephrolHypertens. 25, 73–80 (2016).
Iranian Heart Journal
Volume 22, Issue 1
January 2021
Pages 33-41

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