Iranian Heart Association Iranian Heart Journal 24 2 2023 04 01 Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications in Patients With Cardiac Surgery in a Tertiary Heart Center 35 44 169021 EN Hasan Allah Sadeghi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. 0000-0002-8769-4361 Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Sarina Sadeghi Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Mahsa Mirdamadi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Ali Safaei Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Saeideh Mazloomzadeh Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. 0000-0001-6325-0662 Journal Article 2022 01 03 Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and increased length of stay (LOS). Methods: In a prospective cohort study, all adult candidates for all types of open-heart surgeries were enrolled and followed from admission to discharge for PPCs. Results: The study population consisted of 918 consecutive adult patients, including 574 (62.5%) males, at a mean age of 56.20±13.95 (mean ± standard deviation) years who underwent open cardiac surgery. Among them, 537 patients (58.5%) suffered PPCs, comprising pleural effusion in 293/916 (32.0%), atelectasis in 222 (24.2%), pneumonia in 68 (7.4%), diaphragm paralysis in 67 (7.3%), pulmonary edema and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome in 64/915 (7.0%), pneumothorax (in the right or left hemithorax) in 28/916 (3.1%), hemothorax in 7/915 (0.8%), subcutaneous emphysema in 11/913 (1.2%), and empyema in 2/918 (0.2) The independent risk factors for PPCs were age (OR, 1.010; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.020; P=0.0326), female sex (OR, 1.375; 95% CI, 1.044 to 1.811; P=0.0235), and renal dysfunction (OR, 1.553; 95% CI, 1.001 to 2.409; P=0.0497). Twenty-three patients died within 30 days of cardiac surgery, accounting for a hospital mortality rate of 2.5%. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence rate of PPCs was 58.5% in our center, with a mortality rate of 3.4%. The overall mortality rate among all the patients was 2.5%. The independent risk factors associated with PPCs were age, female sex, and renal failure. (Iranian Heart Journal 2023; 24(2): 35-44)

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